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81.
Takeshi Sasaki Atsushi Iizuka Masayuki Watanabe Teruhisa Hongo Akihiro Yamasaki 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(10):1829-1835
Solid adsorbent materials, prepared from waste cement powder and concrete sludge were assessed for removal of arsenic in the form of arsenic (As(V)) from water. All the materials exhibited arsenic removal capacity when added to distilled water containing 10–700 mg/L arsenic. The arsenic removal isotherms were expressed by the Langmuir type equations, and the highest removal capacity was observed for the adsorbent prepared from concrete sludge with heat treatment at 105 °C, the maximum removal capacity being 175 mg-As(V)/g. Based on changes in arsenic and calcium ion concentrations, and solution pH, the removal mechanism for arsenic was considered to involve the precipitation of calcium arsenate, Ca3(AsO4)2. The enhanced removal of arsenic for the adsorbent prepared from concrete sludge with heat treatment was thought to reflect ion exchange by ettringite. The prepared adsorbents, derived from waste cement and concrete using simple procedures, may offer a cost effective approach for arsenic removal and clean-up of contaminated waters, especially in developing countries. 相似文献
82.
Using water curtain system to forced mitigate ammonia vapor cloud has been proven to be an effective measure. Currently, no engineering guidelines for designing an effective water curtain system are available, due to lack of understanding of complex interactions between ammonia vapor cloud and water droplets, especially the understanding of ammonia absorption into water droplets. This paper presents numerical calculations to reproduce the continuous ammonia release dispersion with and without the mitigating influence of a downwind water curtain using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software ANSYS Fluent 14.0. The turbulence models k–ɛ and RNG were used to simulate the ammonia cloud dispersion without downwind water curtain. The simulated results were compared with literature using the statistical performance indicators. The RNG model represents better agreement with the experimental data and the k–ɛ model generates a slightly lesser result. The RNG model coupled with Lagrangian discrete phase model (DPM) was used to simulate the dilution effectiveness of the water curtain system. The ammonia absorption was taken into account by means of user-defined functions (UDF). The simulated effectiveness of water curtains has good agreements with the experimental results. The effectiveness of water mitigation system with and without the ammonia absorption was compared. The results display that the effectiveness mainly depends on the strong air entrainment enhanced by water droplets movement and the ammonia absorption also enhances the effectiveness of water curtain mitigation system. The study indicates that the CFD code can be satisfactorily applied in design criteria for an effective mitigation system. 相似文献
83.
基于2008—2012年污染源环境统计数据,采用Spearman秩相关系数法等分析南水北调中线陕西水源区污废水及污染物年排放总量变化趋势,借助ArcGIS空间分析功能表征水源区污染源排放的空间分布特征。结果表明:2008—2012年水源区污废水和NH_3-N年排放总量呈显著上升趋势,COD、As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg年排放总量呈抛物线型变化,总体上COD、Pb、Cd年排放总量增加,As、Cr和Hg年排放总量降低。水源区污废水及污染物排放量空间差异明显,污废水、COD和NH_3-N排放涉及流域所有区县,其排放量从干流到流域边缘呈现较明显的梯度变化,即位于流域中心或地级市行政中心的区县排放量明显高于位于流域边缘的区县;As、Pb、Cd、Cr和Hg排放量呈现明显的区域分布,主要分布在勉县等8个区县。 相似文献
84.
分析HACH氨氮自动监测分析仪所用进口试剂配方中氧化剂、显色剂、催化剂、掩蔽剂、缓冲液的组分、试剂用量、反应机理、吸收光谱、酸碱度、发色时间和温度、显色产物的稳定性、灵敏度、干扰及消除,以及存放条件的差异,自行研发国产配方,并将该国产配方试剂与进口试剂做试验比对,结果 2种试剂的效能无显著差异。 相似文献
85.
Fish and Invertebrate Flow‐Biology Relationships to Support the Determination of Ecological Flows for North Carolina 下载免费PDF全文
86.
Xufang Wang Dongli Guo Jinna Zhang Yuan Yao Yanbiao Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(9):106
87.
Lauren Patterson Jennifer Phelan Chris Goudreau Robert Dykes 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(1):56-66
The health of freshwater biota is dependent on streamflow, yet identification of the flow regimes required to maintain ecological integrity remains challenging to states in the United States seeking to establish ecological flows. We tested the relationship between decreases in streamflow and Shannon‐Weaver diversity index of fish species for four flow‐based habitat guilds: riffle, riffle‐run, pool‐run, and pool in North Carolina. We found species that prefer shallow habitats, such as riffles and riffle‐runs were the most sensitive to decreases in streamflow; whereas no significant relationships were found for pool or pool‐run species. The sensitivity to decreases in streamflow was greatest during summer and fall, when streams are naturally lower. When all fish habitat guilds were included in the assessment of flow‐biology relationships, there were no significant relationships to decreases in streamflow. As the sensitivity of fish to reductions in streamflow is not constant across habitat guilds, combining all fish species together for flow‐biology analyses may greatly underestimate the response of fish species to decreases in flow and should be acknowledged when establishing ecological flows. 相似文献
88.
采用顶空固相微萃取(HS -SPME)技术萃取水中6种氯苯类化合物,全面分析对目标物萃取效率的影响因素,并确定萃取试验的最佳条件。用顶空固相微萃取联合气相色谱法(HS -SPME -GC)测定水中6种氯苯类化合物,方法在0.500 ng/L~2.00×10^5 ng/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.05 ng/L ~2000 ng/L,空白样品加标回收率为69.8%~121%, RSD为4.8%~18.3%。用该方法测定实际水样,平行双样的相对偏差低于20%。 相似文献
89.
《Journal of Environmental Economics and Management》2014,67(3):639-655
By signing a water sharing agreement (WSA), countries agree to release an amount of river water in exchange for a negotiated compensation. We examine the vulnerability of such agreements to reduced water flows. Among all WSAs that are acceptable to riparian countries, we find out the one which is self-enforced under the most severe drought scenarios. The so-called upstream incremental WSA assigns to each country its marginal contribution to its followers in the river. Its mirror image, the downstream incremental WSA, is not sustainable to reduced flow at the source. Self-enforcement problems can be solved by setting water releases and compensations contingent to water flow. We apply our analysis to the Aral Sea Basin. We compute the upstream incremental compensations for the Bishkek agreement and asses its vulnerability with historical flows. 相似文献
90.
采用石墨炉原子吸收法测定水中铊,对样品前处理的多个细节进行改进,使前处理过程耗时缩短,回收率提高。试验表明,方法在0μg/L ~50.0μg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.9995;检出限为2.0μg/L,取样量为500 mL,富集50倍时,方法检出限为0.04μg/L;实际水样测定结果的 RSD 为4.9%~8.4%;实际样品的加标回收率为94.0%~102%。 相似文献